What is CPA?

Harriet Ernstsons-Evans • January 22, 2022

There is no standard legal definition of Child to Parent Abuse – in fact, there are still discussions happening about what to call CPA, never mind how to define this type of domestic abuse.


This can lead to problems and even confusion when it comes to explaining exactly what constitutes CPA, and how it differs from expected childhood behaviour.


Our Founding Director Michelle John explains:


“With CPA, we are talking about extreme behaviours that leave parents and siblings feeling fearful, worried, and scared. Parents often avoid saying or doing certain things so an incident doesn’t occur or escalate.


“We hear how parents are changing the way they want to parent and are choosing the least reactive option available to them, to keep them and others safe; how they are no longer going out in their community or how they are too worried about having family and friends around; how the impact on their employment has been to the point of losing their job which brings further worry about living and housing expenses.


“CPA is not typical behaviours, it is not just the pushing of boundaries, and it is not that parents need to have firmer boundaries and/or consequences. The parents we support tell us daily how they fear for their lives (and the lives of their other children) - yet they are ignored or told they are exaggerating, and told they can’t possibly be scared of their child.


“People do not normally question fears, but when parents are fearful of their child, this seems to be routinely questioned as if their experience and feeling must somehow be wrong? Sometimes their experiences are also questioned because the behaviours are not shown outside of the homes – but again, if someone disclosed that they were being abused by their partner at home, we wouldn’t normally question this?


“Just because you may be fortunate enough to not have experienced these behaviours from your child, does not mean it is not another’s reality. Yes, it may be difficult to understand and it certainly is complex but this should not be a barrier for believing those who have found incredible strength to tell you what is happening for them.


“Parents come to us because they feel they have nowhere else to go, that every door is closed or they are told they are at fault. Violent, controlling and abusive behaviours have a real impact on a family’s daily life – and for some there is sadly a risk to the lives of those living in the home.


“The parents we support tell us how they spend each day trying to survive without incident and then spending the night hoping everyone wakes tomorrow.


“CPA affects individuals, families and communities, what those affected by this need is to be believed, heard and supported.”

Incidents are frequent (normally multiple times a month, but more often than not weekly or even daily) and sadly escalate over time – just as with other types of domestic abuse.


Every family and every situation is unique – but we often see:


-       Risk or threat to health or life of those living in the household.


-       Abusive or violent behaviour may only be shown at home.


-       Continued disruption, with a huge impact on work, finances, socialising and day to day life.


-       Incidents happen frequently (often daily or multiple times a week) and escalate over time.


-       Physical, emotional, financial and even sexual abuse can be displayed.


-       Parents change their behaviours to try and minimise the risk of an incident escalating, and often feel fearful.


Click here if you're a parent, here if you're a professional, or here if you're an employer and you'd like to find out more.

By PEGS Admin March 27, 2026
Service Shoutout: A Better Tomorrow 
By PEGS Admin March 24, 2026
One of the things we hear most often at PEGS is: “They don’t hit me… but they destroy the house.” A door kicked through. A phone smashed. A hole in the wall. Personal belongings ripped up or thrown outside. Furniture overturned. Glass shattered. And almost always, the parent follows it with, “I don’t know if this counts.” It does. In our work, 91% of the parents we support tell us that their property has been damaged or destroyed as part of their child’s behaviour. That’s not a one-off loss of temper. That’s a pattern. And patterns matter. It’s rarely about the object When something gets broken in this context, it is rarely random. Parents say things like: “He knows exactly what to break.” “It’s always something important to me.” “When the door goes, I know it’s about control.” Property damage in Child to Parent Abuse is often about power. It can be a way of saying: I can reach you. I can frighten you. Nothing here is safe. You can’t stop me. Over time, it changes how parents live in their own homes. They hide things. They replace items with cheaper versions. They stop putting pictures on walls. They choose their words carefully. They walk on eggshells. It isn’t “just stuff”. It’s about intimidation, control and fear. The impact most people don’t see There is the obvious damage - the broken door, the smashed screen. But what often goes unseen is everything that comes with it. The financial pressure can be relentless. Replacing phones. Repairing walls. Fixing locks. Some parents go into debt. Others live with damage because they simply can’t afford to fix it. For families in rented accommodation, there is another layer of fear. We have spoken to parents who are terrified of eviction because of the state of their home. “I dread the landlord inspection more than the arguments.” There are safety risks too. Items thrown in anger don’t always land where they were intended. Siblings witness it. Younger children absorb it. Pets hide. And then there is the emotional toll. Parents describe the dread - the constant waiting for the next crash or bang. The way their body stays tense. The shame of not telling anyone what’s happening. The fear of being blamed. “It’s the anticipation. Listening for footsteps. Wondering what will go next.” When your home stops feeling safe, it affects everything. Why it gets minimised Property damage is often dismissed as “normal teenage anger” or “behavioural issues”. Parents are told they need stronger boundaries, better consequences, and different parenting strategies. But when property damage forms part of a pattern of intimidation, threats or emotional harm, it is not simply behaviour. It is part of Child to Parent Abuse. If we ignore it because it hasn’t yet crossed a criminal threshold, we miss the opportunity to intervene early. What might help The first step is recognising that this matters. If things are being broken in a way that feels frightening, targeted or controlling, trust that instinct. Safety planning can help - thinking about safe spaces, about who you could contact if things escalate, about reducing immediate risks where possible. Reducing isolation matters too. Shame thrives in silence. Speaking to someone who understands Child to Parent Abuse can shift that sense of being alone with it. Professionals also need to recognise property damage for what it can represent. It isn’t always about anger management. Sometimes it is about power, and that requires a different response. At PEGS, we believe parents deserve to feel safe in their own homes. If your belongings are being destroyed and it feels bigger than “just stuff”, you are not overreacting. You are responding to harm.  And you deserve support that understands that.
By PEGS Admin March 22, 2026
Six Years of PEGS: Reflection, Growth and Looking Ahead